From flue gas to fuel gas
Flue gas from a PFR lime kiln can be diverted to the Reduciner reactor. With biochar and supplied energy, its reactive gases form a CO-rich fuel gas that is sent back to the kiln burners.
One kiln. Two gas paths.
CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂
Biochar + electricity · CO₂ + C → 2 CO
Three paths through the reactor
Boudouard reaction
CO₂ from calcination and combustion takes up carbon from biochar, forming carbon monoxide. The reaction requires heat.
Combustible product gas · CO
Flue gas from the kiln
A selected share of the kiln off-gas is diverted to the Reduciner. Calcination and combustion supply CO₂; water vapour and residual oxygen also enter with the gas. The remaining off-gas continues to the plant's gas handling.
Carbon and energy
Biochar supplies carbon for CO₂ and steam reduction. Electrical heating supplies energy for the endothermic reactions and gas heating; residual oxygen can react with carbon and release heat.
Fuel gas back to the kiln
The CO- and H₂-containing product gas is routed to the kiln's fuel supply and burned with an oxidant. Its energy can replace some primary fuel; whether full substitution is feasible depends on gas production, heating value and burner suitability. Combustion creates flue gas again — this is not a closed carbon loop.
Simplified reaction pathways. Actual conversion and energy demand require process-specific calculation.
Calculate in ReduSim